In the framework of the MENAWARA project, four irrigation methods (surface, drip, sub-surface and sprinkler) have been investigated on alfalfa quantity and quality using treated wastewater under semi-arid conditions. The complete randomized plot design considered sprinkler, surface, drip, and subsurface irrigation methods on 5×5m plots, replicated four times in a random distribution. 

The source of irrigation water was the domestic treated wastewater effluent from Ramtha Secondary Wastewater Treatment Plant connected to the experimental site via the main polyethylene irrigation line (75mm) and filtered through sand and disc filters after reaching the experimental site and before being used.

Sub-surface drip irrigation system proved to be the best agricultural practice for the safe and efficent  use of non-conventional water. 

Neither E. coli nor FC was detected on the alfalfa leaves when using subsurface irrigation. However, high E. coli and FC counts were present on the leaves irrigated by sprinkler and also in the lower part of the plants when surface irrigation was used. This indicates a high risk of pathogen presence in sprinkler and surface irrigation methods with this quality of water.

Following the results, 9 farms have been equipped with subsurface drip irrigation systems.